🇮🇹 Italiano A1 · Lesson 5
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Complete Italian Course · A1

Lesson 5: Reflexive Verbs, Adjectives & Descriptions

Reflexive verbs · Adjective agreement · Colours · Describing people & things · Questo / quello · Italian style culture

CEFR Level A1Lesson 5 of ~8 at A1
🔁 Spaced Repetition — Lessons 1–4 Review

Tap to reveal. All confident? Great — let's go!

capire → io
capisco (-isc- group B)
andare → loro
vanno (irregular!)
Mi piacciono i libri.
I like books. (piacciono — plural)
Devo studiare.
I must study. (dovere + infinitive)
lo studente → pl.
gli studenti (lo → gli before s+cons)
Sono le nove meno un quarto.
It's quarter to nine. (8:45)
01🎯

Learning Objectives

By the end of Lesson 5 you will be able to:

Understand and use reflexive pronouns (mi, ti, si, ci, vi, si)
Conjugate all key reflexive verbs for daily routine
Make adjectives agree in gender and number
Know the four adjective patterns (-o/-a/-e/-i/-e)
Name all colours in Italian with correct agreement
Describe a person's appearance and personality
Describe objects, places and things
Use questo and quello correctly in all forms
⏱️ Study time: ~3 hours. Adjective agreement is one of the most important — and most practised — skills in Italian. Take time with the patterns; they unlock all description in the language.
02🔄

What Are Reflexive Verbs?

A reflexive verb describes an action you do to yourself. In English we sometimes say "I wash myself" or "she dresses herself" — but we often drop the "myself." Italian always keeps it, using a reflexive pronoun before the verb.

🔑 The Formula

Reflexive pronoun + conjugated verb

Mi sveglio alle sette. — I wake up at seven. (lit. I wake myself at seven.)
Si chiama Marco. — His name is Marco. (lit. He calls himself Marco.)
Ci vediamo domani! — See you tomorrow! (lit. We see each other tomorrow!)

The 6 Reflexive Pronouns
io
mi
myself
tu
ti
yourself
lui/lei/Lei
si
himself/herself/yourself
noi
ci
ourselves
voi
vi
yourselves
loro
si
themselves
💡 The reflexive pronoun always goes immediately before the conjugated verb in simple tenses. The pronoun matches the subject — when the subject changes, so does the pronoun.
03⚙️

Conjugating Reflexive Verbs

Reflexive verbs are conjugated exactly like normal -are/-ere/-ire verbs — you just add the reflexive pronoun before each form. The infinitive always ends in -si (e.g. svegliarsi, vestirsi, divertirsi).

Reflexive Verb Conjugation — svegliarsi (to wake up) PRONOUN REFL. PRON. VERB FORM ENGLISH io mi mi sveglio I wake up tu ti ti svegli you wake up lui/lei/Lei si si sveglia he/she wakes up noi ci ci svegliamo we wake up voi vi vi svegliate you all wake up loro si si svegliano they wake up
Three Reflexive Verbs — Full Conjugation Side by Side
PronounRefl.svegliarsialzarsivestirsi
iomimi svegliomi alzomi vesto
tutiti svegliti alziti vesti
lui/lei/Leisisi svegliasi alzasi veste
noicici svegliamoci alziamoci vestiamo
voivivi svegliatevi alzatevi vestite
lorosisi sveglianosi alzanosi vestono
Negation with Reflexive Verbs

Put non before the reflexive pronoun:

Non mi sveglio mai prima delle sette. — I never wake up before seven.
Non si alza presto. — He doesn't get up early.

Reflexive + Modal Verb

With modal verbs, the pronoun can go before the modal or attach to the infinitive:

Mi devo alzare. = Devo alzarmi. — I have to get up. (both correct!)
Ti vuoi vestire? = Vuoi vestirti? — Do you want to get dressed?

04🪞

Essential Reflexive Verbs

These verbs cover your entire daily routine and many social situations. Most are -arsi verbs; a few are -irsi. All work the same way.

Daily Routine Reflexive Verbs
InfinitivePhoneticEnglishio formExample
svegliarsizveh-LYAR-seeto wake upmi sveglioMi sveglio alle sette.
alzarsial-ZAR-seeto get upmi alzoMi alzo subito.
lavarsilah-VAR-seeto wash (oneself)mi lavoMi lavo le mani.
lavarsi i dentito brush one's teethmi lavo i dentiMi lavo i denti due volte.
farsi la docciato have a showermi faccio la docciaMi faccio la doccia ogni mattina.
vestirsives-TEER-seeto get dressedmi vestoMi vesto in cinque minuti.
truccarsitrook-KAR-seeto put on make-upmi truccoNon mi trucco ogni giorno.
pettinarsipet-tee-NAR-seeto comb/do one's hairmi pettinoMi pettino davanti allo specchio.
riposarsiree-po-ZAR-seeto restmi riposoMi riposo un po' dopo pranzo.
sedersiseh-DEHR-seeto sit downmi siedoMi siedo sul divano.
addormentarsiad-dor-men-TAR-seeto fall asleepmi addormentoMi addormento presto.
svegliarsi tardito sleep in / wake up latemi sveglio tardiIl sabato mi sveglio tardi.
Social & Emotional Reflexive Verbs
InfinitiveEnglishExample
chiamarsito be called / namedMi chiamo Luca. Come ti chiami?
trovarsito be located / find oneselfMi trovo bene a Roma. — I feel good in Rome.
sentirsito feel (a state)Come ti senti? — How do you feel? Mi sento bene.
divertirsito enjoy oneself / have funCi divertiamo molto! — We're having great fun!
annoiarsito get boredMi annoio facilmente. — I get bored easily.
arrabbiarsito get angryNon si arrabbia mai. — He never gets angry.
preoccuparsito worryNon ti preoccupare! — Don't worry!
innamorarsi (di)to fall in love (with)Si è innamorata di Marco.
sposarsito get marriedSi sposano in giugno. — They're getting married in June.
vedersi / incontrarsito see each other / meetCi vediamo domani! — See you tomorrow!
💡 Key phrase to memorise: Come ti senti? — How do you feel? / How are you? (more personal than come stai?)
Responses: Mi sento bene / male / stanco/a / felice / triste / nervoso/a.
05🔤

Adjective Agreement — Gender & Number

In Italian, adjectives must agree with the noun they describe in both gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural). This is one of the most important rules in the whole language.

🔑 The Golden Rule

Every adjective changes its ending to match the noun it describes. There are two main patterns:

Pattern 1 (-o type): 4 forms → -o / -a / -i / -e

Pattern 2 (-e type): 2 forms → -e / -i (same for m & f)

Adjective Agreement — The Two Patterns PATTERN 1: -o type (4 forms) bello (beautiful), alto (tall), rosso (red)… SINGULAR PLURAL Masc. -o -i Fem. -a -e un ragazzo alto una ragazza alta dei ragazzi alti delle ragazze alte PATTERN 2: -e type (2 forms) grande, interessante, intelligente… SINGULAR PLURAL M + F -e -i un libro interessante una storia interessante dei libri interessanti delle storie interessanti
Complete Adjective Agreement Table
PatternMasc. Sing.Fem. Sing.Masc. Pl.Fem. Pl.
-o typebellobellabellibelle
-e typegrandegrandegrandigrandi
⚠️ Invariable adjectives: Some adjectives never change — mostly colours borrowed from nouns:
rosa (pink) · viola (purple) · beige · blu (dark blue) · arancione (orange)
una borsa rosa / delle scarpe rosa / un cappello rosa — all the same!
06📍

Position of Adjectives

Unlike English (where adjectives always come before the noun), Italian adjectives usually come after the noun — but a small group of very common adjectives goes before.

✅ AFTER the noun (most adjectives)

Colours, nationalities, shapes, categories, and most descriptive adjectives:

una macchina rossa — a red car
un film italiano — an Italian film
una ragazza simpatica — a nice girl
un libro interessante — an interesting book

⭐ BEFORE the noun (common short adjectives)

These go before — just memorise them as a group:

bello — beautiful
buono — good
brutto — ugly / bad
grande — big / great
piccolo — small / little
giovane — young
vecchio — old
nuovo — new
stesso — same

⭐ BELLO & BUONO — Special Forms Before Nouns

Bello and buono have special shortened forms when placed before a noun — they behave like the definite article. When placed after a verb (predicate), they use normal agreement: È bello. È bella.

Contextbello formbuono formExample
Masc. sing. (consonant)belbuonun bel ragazzo, un buon libro
Masc. sing. (s+cons, z, gn…)bellobuonoun bello studente, un buono zaino
Masc. sing. (vowel)bell'buon'*un bell'uomo
Fem. sing. (consonant)bellabuonauna bella donna, una buona idea
Fem. sing. (vowel)bell'buon'una bell'amica, una buon'amica
Masc. pluralbei / beglibuonibei ragazzi, begli occhi
Fem. pluralbellebuonebelle ragazze, buone idee
💡 Bello before a noun mirrors the definite article: il/bel, lo/bello, la/bella, l'/bell', i/bei, gli/begli, le/belle. Learn one, you know the other!
07🎨

Colours — I Colori

Colours are adjectives and must agree with the noun — with a few important exceptions (the invariable ones).

Colour Agreement — Examples
ColourMasc. Sing.Fem. Sing.Masc. Pl.Fem. Pl.
red / rossoun cappello rossouna borsa rossadei cappelli rossidelle borse rosse
green / verdeun vestito verdeuna gonna verdedei vestiti verdidelle gonne verdi
pink / rosa ⚠️un cappello rosauna borsa rosadei cappelli rosadelle borse rosa
blue / blu ⚠️un cappello bluuna borsa bludei cappelli bludelle borse blu
08👤

Describing People

Now put adjective agreement into practice! All these adjectives follow the -o/-a/-i/-e or -e/-i pattern.

Physical Appearance — L'Aspetto Fisico
Personality — Il Carattere
Describing a Person — Full Examples
ItalianEnglish
Marco è alto e magro.Marco is tall and slim.
Sofia è bassa e ha i capelli lunghi e neri.Sofia is short and has long black hair.
Mio fratello è simpatico e divertente.My brother is likeable and funny.
La professoressa è severa ma giusta.The teacher is strict but fair.
Ha gli occhi azzurri e i capelli biondi.He/She has blue eyes and blond hair.
È una persona molto generosa.She/He is a very generous person.
Hair & Eyes — Special Construction

For hair and eye colour, Italian uses avere + article + body part + adjective:

Ha i capelli rossi. — She has red hair. (lit. She has the hairs red.)
Ha gli occhi verdi. — He has green eyes.
Ho i capelli corti e scuri. — I have short dark hair.

09🏠

Describing Things & Places

General Descriptive Adjectives
Italian (m/f)EnglishExample
grande / grandebig / greatun grande appartamento
piccolo / piccolasmall / littleuna piccola città
nuovo / nuovanewun nuovo telefono
vecchio / vecchiaolduna vecchia casa
bello / bellabeautifuluna bella città
brutto / bruttaugly / badun brutto tempo — bad weather
caro / caraexpensive / dearun ristorante caro
economico / economicacheap / affordableun albergo economico
facile / facileeasyun esercizio facile
difficile / difficiledifficultuna domanda difficile
importante / importanteimportantuna notizia importante
tranquillo / tranquillacalm / quietun quartiere tranquillo
rumoroso / rumorosanoisyuna strada rumorosa
moderno / modernamodernun appartamento moderno
antico / anticaancient / antiqueuna chiesa antica
10👉

Questo & Quello — This & That

Questo (this) and quello (that) are demonstrative adjectives — they point to specific things. Both must agree with the noun they accompany. Questo is simple; quello behaves like the definite article!

QUESTO (this — near me)
questomasc. sing.
questafem. sing.
quest'm/f before vowel
questimasc. plural
questefem. plural
QUELLO (that — away from me)
quelmasc. sing. (most consonants)
quellomasc. sing. (s+cons, z, gn…)
quell'm/f before vowel
quellafem. sing.
queimasc. pl. (most consonants)
queglimasc. pl. (vowels, s+cons, z…)
quellefem. plural
Questo & Quello — Examples
ItalianEnglish
Questo libro è interessante.This book is interesting.
Quella ragazza è simpatica.That girl is nice.
Quest'appartamento è grande.This apartment is big.
Quel ragazzo è alto.That boy is tall.
Quello studente è bravo.That student is good.
Queste scarpe sono care!These shoes are expensive!
Quei bambini sono simpatici.Those children are nice.
Quegli occhi sono bellissimi!Those eyes are beautiful!
Prendo questo, grazie.I'll take this one, thanks.
Preferisco quella borsa.I prefer that bag.
💡 Quello mirrors the definite article exactly: il→quel, lo→quello, la→quella, l'→quell', i→quei, gli→quegli, le→quelle. Master the articles and you've mastered quello!
11💬

Dialogues

🎭 SCENE 1 — La Mattina (Getting Ready)
MAMMA
Lucia! A che ora ti sei svegliata stamattina?
Lucia! What time did you wake up this morning?
LUCIA
Mi sono svegliata alle sette e mezza. Mi alzo sempre tardi il lunedì!
I woke up at half past seven. I always get up late on Mondays!
MAMMA
E come ti sei vestita? Fa freddo oggi!
And how did you dress? It's cold today!
LUCIA
Ho messo un maglione rosso e dei pantaloni neri. Come mi trovo?
I put on a red jumper and black trousers. How do I look?
MAMMA
Sei bellissima! Quel maglione rosso ti sta molto bene.
You look wonderful! That red jumper really suits you.
LUCIA
Grazie mamma! Come ti senti tu oggi?
Thanks mum! How are you feeling today?
MAMMA
Mi sento un po' stanca. Non mi sono addormentata presto ieri sera.
I feel a little tired. I didn't fall asleep early last night.
🎭 SCENE 2 — Fare Shopping (Shopping)
COMMESSA
Buongiorno! Posso aiutarla?
Good morning! Can I help you?
CLIENTE
Sì, grazie. Cerco una giacca. Ho visto quella giacca verde in vetrina — è bella!
Yes, thanks. I'm looking for a jacket. I saw that green jacket in the window — it's beautiful!
COMMESSA
Ah, quella è nuovissima! La vuole provare? Che taglia porta?
Ah, that's brand new! Do you want to try it on? What size do you take?
CLIENTE
Porto la quarantadue. E quanto costa quella giacca?
I take a forty-two. And how much does that jacket cost?
COMMESSA
Costa centoventi euro. È un po' cara, ma è di ottima qualità!
It costs one hundred and twenty euros. It's a bit expensive, but it's of excellent quality!
CLIENTE
Mmm, preferisco questa giacca blu — è più economica. La provo!
Hmm, I prefer this blue jacket — it's cheaper. I'll try it on!
📖 New vocabulary from the dialogues
ItalianEnglish
Come mi trovo?How do I look? (lit. how do I find myself?)
Ti sta molto bene.It really suits you. (stare + bene/male for fit/suit)
la commessathe (female) shop assistant
Cerco…I'm looking for… (cercare = -are verb)
in vetrinain the shop window
nuovissimabrand new (superlative of nuova)
provareto try on (clothes); also to try/taste
la tagliathe (clothing) size
di ottima qualitàof excellent quality
più economicacheaper (più = more, comparative)
12👗

Cultural Notes: La Bella Figura & Italian Style

🇮🇹 Culture Spotlight: Appearance Matters

We introduced la bella figura in Lesson 1 — making a good impression. In Italy, this extends deeply into how you dress, present yourself, and speak. Italians are highly observant of appearance and often comment on it — not to be rude, but because it matters!

Italian Style & Appearance Culture
👔 La moda (Fashion)

Italy is the world capital of fashion: Milan (Milano) hosts two fashion weeks a year and is home to Gucci, Prada, Versace, Armani, Dolce & Gabbana, and Fendi. But Italian style isn't just high fashion — it's an everyday attitude.

Italians generally dress more formally than northern Europeans or Americans. Even casual wear tends to be neat and coordinated. Showing up to a dinner party in trainers and jeans would be considered a brutta figura (bad impression).

💬 Commenting on Appearance

Italians comment openly on appearance in ways that might seem forward in other cultures. Colleagues might say "Sei dimagrito/a!" (You've lost weight!) or "Come sei elegante oggi!" (How elegant you look today!) — these are meant as compliments or observations, not criticism.

Common appearance compliments:
Che bello/a! — How beautiful/handsome!
Ti sta benissimo! — It suits you perfectly!
Sei elegantissimo/a! — You look very elegant!
Che stile! — What style!

🛍️ Shopping in Italy

Italian clothing sizes differ from UK/US. Women's sizes run from 36 (XS) to 54 (XXL). Men's shirts use collar sizes in centimetres. Shoe sizes are European standard.

Key shopping phrases:
Posso provarlo/provarla? — Can I try it on?
Che taglia porta? — What size do you take?
Porto la quaranta. — I take a forty.
Avete questo in blu? — Do you have this in blue?
È in saldo? — Is it on sale?
Mi fa lo sconto? — Can you give me a discount? (polite)

13✏️

Exercises & Practice

Exercise 1 — Reflexive Pronouns 🔄

Fill in the correct reflexive pronoun:

1. Io sveglio alle sei.
2. Tu alzi presto ogni mattina?
3. Marco veste elegantemente.
4. Noi riposiamo dopo pranzo.
5. Voi divertite alla festa?
6. I bambini addormentano presto.
Show Answers

1. mi   2. ti   3. si

4. ci   5. vi   6. si

Exercise 2 — Conjugate Reflexive Verbs ⚙️

Write the full reflexive form:

1. io / svegliarsi →
2. tu / lavarsi →
3. lei / vestirsi →
4. noi / alzarsi →
5. voi / sentirsi →
6. loro / divertirsi →
Show Answers

1. mi sveglio

2. ti lavi

3. si veste

4. ci alziamo

5. vi sentite

6. si divertono

Exercise 3 — Adjective Agreement 🔤

Change the adjective to agree with the noun:

1. un ragazzo (alto) → una ragazza
2. un libro (interessante) → dei libri
3. una casa (grande) → delle case
4. un film (bello) → dei film
5. una borsa (rosso) → delle borse
6. uno studente (bravo) → delle studentesse
Show Answers

1. alta (-o type: m→a)

2. interessanti (-e type: sing→pl = -i)

3. grandi (-e type: sing→pl = -i)

4. bei / begli (bello before noun: i→bei, vowels→begli)

5. rosse (-o type: fem. pl. = -e)

6. brave (-o type: fem. pl. = -e)

Exercise 4 — Questo or Quello? 👉

Fill in the correct form of quello:

1. ragazzo è simpatico. (that boy)
2. appartamento è grande. (that apartment)
3. studente è bravo. (that student — s+cons)
4. amica è gentile. (that friend — f, vowel)
5. scarpe sono care. (those shoes — f. pl.)
6. occhi sono bellissimi. (those eyes — m. pl., vowel)
Show Answers

1. Quel ragazzo (masc., consonant R)

2. Quell' appartamento (masc., vowel A)

3. Quello studente (masc., s+cons)

4. Quell' amica (fem., vowel A)

5. Quelle scarpe (fem. pl.)

6. Quegli occhi (masc. pl., vowel O)

Exercise 5 — Describe a Person ✍️

Translate into Italian (watch adjective agreement!):

1. Marco is tall and slim.
2. She is a nice and intelligent girl.
3. He has short brown hair.
4. My sister is young and funny.
5. That old house is beautiful!
6. These shoes are expensive but beautiful.
Show Answers

1. Marco è alto e magro.

2. È una ragazza simpatica e intelligente.

3. Ha i capelli corti e castani.

4. Mia sorella è giovane e divertente.

5. Quella vecchia casa è bella!

6. Queste scarpe sono care ma belle.

Exercise 6 — Translate to Italian 🌍
1. I wake up at seven and get up immediately.
2. She never gets dressed quickly.
3. How do you feel today? (informal)
4. We're having great fun!
5. Don't worry!
6. I prefer that blue jacket to this red one.
Show Answers

1. Mi sveglio alle sette e mi alzo subito.

2. Non si veste mai velocemente.

3. Come ti senti oggi?

4. Ci divertiamo molto!

5. Non ti preoccupare!

6. Preferisco quella giacca blu a questa rossa.

🎙️ Exercise 7 — Speaking Prompts
1. Describe your morning routine using 6+ reflexive verbs
2. Describe yourself physically: hair, eyes, height — using agreement correctly
3. Describe your best friend: appearance AND personality
4. Look around the room and describe 5 objects using questo/quello + adjective
5. Role-play Scene 2 (shopping) using your own clothing choices
14🗺️

Lesson Mind Map

LESSON 5 Reflexive & Adjectives Reflexive Pronouns mi · ti · si · ci · vi · si always before the verb non + mi + verb (negation) mi devo = devo + mi (modals) Reflexive Verbs svegliarsi · alzarsi · vestirsi lavarsi · riposarsi sentirsi · divertirsi Adjective Agreement Pattern 1: -o/-a/-i/-e Pattern 2: -e/-i usually after noun Colours 🎨 rosso/a · blu (inv.) · verde rosa (inv.) · bianco · nero agree with noun (most) Questo / Quello questo/a/i/e (this) quel/quello/quella… quello mirrors il/lo/la/l'… Describing People alto/basso · magro/grasso i capelli / gli occhi simpatico · intelligente Culture: Bella Figura Italian fashion & style Shopping vocabulary Commenting on appearance Dialogues Morning routine (reflexives) Shopping (adjectives) questo/quello in action
15🃏

Quick-Review Flashcards

Tap to reveal — works on all devices!

mi / ti / si
reflexive pronouns: myself / yourself / himself-herself
ci / vi / si
ourselves / yourselves / themselves
svegliarsi → noi
ci svegliamo — we wake up
vestirsi → loro
si vestono — they get dressed
Come ti senti?
How do you feel? — Mi sento bene/male.
alto → fem. pl.
alte (-o type: fem. pl. = -e)
grande → masc. pl.
grandi (-e type: pl. = -i, both genders)
bello before noun
bel/bello/bella/bell'/bei/begli/belle — mirrors il/lo/la…
rosa / blu
invariable colours — never change: una borsa rosa, delle borse rosa
quello before noun
quel/quello/quella/quell'/quei/quegli/quelle — mirrors il/lo/la…
Quegli occhi…
Those eyes… (quegli — masc. pl. before vowel)
Ha i capelli biondi.
He/She has blond hair. (avere + i capelli + adjective)
Non ti preoccupare!
Don't worry! (reflexive imperative)
Ti sta bene.
It suits you. (stare + bene/male for fit)
Ci divertiamo!
We're having fun! (divertirsi — reflexive)
Che taglia porta?
What size do you take? (shopping)
16📚

Resources & Homework

🃏
Anki — Reflexive Verbs
Create cards for all reflexive verbs: infinitive front, full conjugation back. Focus on the reflexive pronoun changes.
✍️
Write a Description
Describe 3 people (a family member, a friend, a celebrity) using 5+ adjectives each. Check agreement carefully.
🛍️
Shopping Role-Play
Look up an Italian clothing website. Practice describing items: Quella giacca blu è bella ma cara.
🪞
Mirror Exercise
Describe yourself in Italian while looking in the mirror. Use reflexive verbs for your routine and adjectives for appearance.
📋 Tonight's Homework
  • Memorise all 6 reflexive pronouns and practice with svegliarsi, alzarsi, vestirsi
  • Write your full morning routine (8+ sentences) using reflexive verbs
  • Practice bello and buono before nouns — write 5 examples of each
  • Memorise the questo and quello tables — quiz yourself without looking
  • Describe 2 people from your life in Italian (5+ adjectives each, correct agreement)
  • Role-play both dialogues aloud — swap roles between scenes
🔑 Key Takeaways — What You Learned Today

Bravissimo/a! 🎉

You can now describe people, places, and things fluently — and talk about your entire daily routine. That's a huge A1 milestone!

Lesson 6 will cover: Numbers and quantities in context · Prepositions (di, a, da, in, con, su, per, tra/fra) · Location expressions (vicino a, lontano da, davanti a…) · Talking about where things are · Partitive articles (del, della, dei…) · More dialogues and practice.

← Lesson 4Lesson 6 →
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